Diabetes research globally explores the diverse aspects of the disease and gives better insights into understanding, and preventing the disease. A recently published research which explored the relationship between the frequency of dawn phenomenon (DP) and its relationship with time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (GV) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) revealed that DP was present in a high percent of subjects with NGT and IGR.

      For the study, 781 subjects of a multicenter CGM study with normal glucose tolerance (NGT n = 360); impaired glucose regulation (IGR n = 173); newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D n = 248) were included. Analysis of the magnitude of DP (ΔG) was conducted.

      The observations from the study was that the frequency of DP was 8.9%, 30.1% and 52.4% in NGT, IGR and T2D group, respectively. In all three groups, TIR was lower (all P < 0.05), coefficient of variation (CV) was higher in DP subgroup (all P < 0.05). In DP subgroup of T2D, TIR was 7.0% (1.68 h) lower and CV was 3.0% higher, and HbA1c was 0.6% higher using the primary definition (all P < 0.05).

      The concluding remark was that DP was present in a high percent of subjects with NGT and IGR. In newly diagnosed T2D group, the presence of DP was associated with poorer overall glycemic control.