Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major complication of diabetes, shows a striking gender disparity in its occurrence and progression among individuals with type 2 diabetes. This revelation comes from a retrospective cohort study that delved into the incidence and trajectory of renal function in patients with this chronic condition.

      The study encompassed 1,549 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, scrutinizing the clinical attributes of both male and female participants, with a particular focus on the presence or absence of DN. Utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method, researchers analyzed the cumulative incidence of DN across genders, while hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined through univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to understand the factors influencing DN risk.

      A notable discovery was the higher prevalence of DN in females (17.31%) compared to males (12.62%), with a significant cumulative risk ratio of 1.33, highlighting a gender-based vulnerability. Additionally, through multiple linear regression analysis, factors such as creatinine, female gender, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and total cholesterol were identified as significant influencers on the percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR%).

      Employing logistic regression with cubic spline functions for smooth curve fitting, the study also illuminated the nonlinear relationship between ΔeGFR% and DN risk, further accentuating the gender distinctions in the disease's trajectory.

      In essence, the study underscores a critical gender disparity in diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetes patients, with women exhibiting a higher risk and more rapid progression of renal dysfunction. These findings emphasize the need for gender-specific strategies in managing and preventing DN, paving the way for more personalized and effective healthcare interventions in diabetes care.

      The article was published in 'Diabetes: Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.'

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