The salient topics in the position statement published in Diabetes Care include:

• Portion control should be recommended for weight loss and maintenance.
• When choosing carbohydrate-containing foods, choose nutrient-dense, high-fiber foods whenever possible instead of processed foods with added sodium, fat, and sugars.
• Avoid SSBs.(Sugar Sweetened Beverages)
• Substitute foods higher in unsaturated fat (liquid oils) for foods higher in trans or saturated fat.
• Select leaner protein sources and meat alternatives.
• Vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal products, or cinnamon to manage diabetes are not recommended due to lack of evidence.
• Moderate alcohol consumption (one drink/day or less for adult women and two drinks or less for adult men) has minimal acute or long-term effects on blood glucose in people with diabetes. To reduce risk of hypoglycemia for individuals using insulin or insulin secretagogues, alcohol should be consumed with food.
• Limit sodium intake to 2,300 mg/day.
• For individuals who take insulin secretagogues:
• Do not skip meals.
• For individuals who take biguanides (metformin):
• Gradually titrate to minimize gastrointestinal side effects when initiating use:
• Take medication with food or 15 min after a meal if symptoms persist.
• For individuals who take a-glucosidase inhibitors:
• Gradually titrate to minimize gastrointestinal side effects when initiating use.
• Take at start of meal to have maximal effect:
•  If hypoglycemia occurs, eat something containing monosaccharides such as glucose tablets as drug will prevent the digestion of polysaccharides.
• For individuals who take incretin mimetics (GLP-1):
• Gradually titrate to minimize gastrointestinal side effects when initiating use:
• Injection of daily or twice-daily GLP-1s should be premeal.
• Once-weekly GLP-1s can be taken at any time during the day regardless of meal times.
• For individuals with type 1 diabetes and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes:
• If on a multiple-daily injection plan or on an insulin pump:
• Take mealtime insulin before eating.
• Meals can be consumed at different times.
• If on a premixed insulin plan:
•  Insulin doses need to be taken at consistent times every day.
•  Meals need to be consumed at similar times every day.
• Do not skip meals to reduce risk of hypoglycemia.
• If on a fixed insulin plan:
• Eat similar amounts of carbohydrates each day to match the set doses of insulin.
  

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