The SGLT receptors (Sodium-glucose cotransporter types 1 (SGLT1) and 2 (SGLT2) receptors) couple the transport of sodium and glucose in the renal proximal tubule of kidney allowing for reabsorption of glucose.

SGLT2 is a low-affinity, high-capacity transporter of glucose found mainly at the apical domain of epithelial cells in the early segment (S1) of the renal proximal tubule. Approximately 90% of glucose that is filtered by the glomeruli is reabsorbed at S1 by SGLT2. Inhibiting SGLT2 receptors results in an increase in glucosuria and subsequent reductions in plasma glucose concentrations.

The SGLT2 is the most salient kidney glucose transporter and is the therapeutic target for agents emerging in this class known as SGLT2 inhibitors.